Heavy Metal Poisoning in Birds — Lead & Zinc Toxicity

Heavy metal toxicosis — primarily from lead and zinc — is alarmingly common in pet birds because they chew on cage hardware, old paint, galvanized wire, and jewelry. Blood metal levels must be measured urgently for diagnosis.

## Common Sources of Heavy Metals in the Home

Cage Bars and Hardware (Zinc)
Galvanized cages contain zinc. New galvanized cages should be scrubbed with a 50% white vinegar solution and rinsed thoroughly before use. Cheap imported cages are particularly high risk.

Old Paint and Solder (Lead)
Pre-1970s homes may have lead paint on walls and windowsills. Lead solder in stained glass and plumbing fittings is a common source.

Jewelry, Keys, and Coins
Parrots allowed to play with or chew on costume jewelry, key rings, and coins are at high risk.

## Clinical Signs of Heavy Metal Toxicosis

Neurological Signs: Incoordination, head tremors, circling, inability to perch, and seizures.

Gastrointestinal Signs: Vomiting, regurgitation, and changes in droppings (often bright green) are common early signs.

Sudden Death: Heavy metal toxicosis can cause rapid deterioration and death without obvious preceding signs.

## Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis requires a blood metal panel and whole-body radiographs (to identify metal fragments in the gastrointestinal tract). Treatment involves chelation therapy — typically calcium EDTA or DMSA — administered by a vet. Metal fragments may require surgical or endoscopic removal.