Dog Bloat (GDV): Symptoms and When to Go to Emergency

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (GDV), commonly called bloat, is one of the most rapidly fatal conditions in dogs. Without emergency surgery, a dog with GDV can die within hours. If you suspect GDV, go directly to an emergency vet — do not wait.

## What Is GDV?

In GDV, the stomach fills with gas and then rotates on its axis, trapping the contents and cutting off blood supply to the stomach wall and spleen. The rotating stomach also compresses major blood vessels, causing shock.

## Classic Signs of GDV

- Unproductive retching — the dog tries to vomit repeatedly but nothing comes up, or only produces foamy saliva
- Distended abdomen — the belly looks swollen, tight, and feels drum-like when tapped
- Restlessness and pacing — the dog cannot get comfortable and appears distressed
- Hypersalivation — excessive drooling
- Weakness and collapse — as shock progresses, the dog may suddenly become unable to stand
- Pale or white gums — a sign of cardiovascular shock

## Breeds at Highest Risk

Large, deep-chested breeds carry the greatest risk:
- Great Danes (highest risk — 37% lifetime risk in some studies)
- German Shepherds, Dobermann Pinschers, Weimaraners
- Standard Poodles, Irish Setters, Saint Bernards, Boxers

Middle-aged to older dogs are more susceptible, and male dogs are at slightly higher risk than females.

## Risk Factors

- Eating one large meal per day rather than smaller portions
- Exercising vigorously immediately before or after eating
- Raised food bowls (this is debated in the literature)
- Stress and a fearful temperament
- Family history of GDV

## Emergency Action

Do not attempt home treatment. Drive directly to an emergency veterinary clinic while someone else calls ahead. Every minute matters. The vet will stabilise the dog and perform surgery to decompress and reposition the stomach.

Log your dog's feeding times, meal sizes, and activity schedule in Flovvi to discuss risk reduction with your vet at the next appointment.