Signs of Pain in Cats — Cats Hide Pain Better Than Almost Any Animal

Cats are masters of concealing pain and illness — a survival strategy from their days as both predator and prey. By the time a cat shows obvious signs of distress, the pain is frequently severe and has often been present for days. Recognising the subtle signals early saves lives.

## Why Cats Hide Pain

In the wild, showing weakness signals vulnerability to predators and rival cats. Cats suppress pain behaviour instinctively. Domestic cats retain this trait even in safe environments.

## Subtle Behavioural Signs

Changes in Social Behaviour
A normally affectionate cat that avoids contact, hides more, or retreats to high or isolated spots is often in discomfort. Conversely, a normally independent cat that becomes suddenly clingy may be seeking reassurance due to pain.

Reduced Grooming or Over-Grooming
A cat in generalised pain often stops grooming, resulting in a dull, matted coat. A cat with localised pain — a skin wound, arthritis in a specific joint — may obsessively lick the painful area.

Changes in Facial Expression
Research into feline pain (the Feline Grimace Scale, validated by the University of Montreal) identifies five reliable indicators:
- Orbital tightening (squinting or partially closed eyes)
- Muzzle tension (whisker bunching/pulling backward)
- Ear position (flattened or rotated outward)
- Head position (lower than normal, turning away)
- Whisker changes (straightened, forward, or back)

Reluctance to Jump or Climb
A cat avoiding high furniture, stairs, or their usual perches is likely experiencing joint pain (arthritis is extremely common in cats over 10 years), back pain, or abdominal discomfort.

Altered Litter Box Behaviour
Arthritis makes squatting painful. Cats may eliminate just outside the tray, prefer shallower trays, or vocalise while using it. A UTI also causes pain on urination.

Changes in Appetite and Drinking
Mouth pain (dental disease, tooth resorption) causes cats to drop food, eat on one side, or refuse hard kibble. Any pain can suppress appetite.

Abnormal Vocalisation
Growling, hissing, or low moaning when touched in a specific location. Many cats in chronic pain vocalise very little — the absence of sound is not reassurance.

## When to Act

Two or more of these signs, especially in a cat over 7 years, warrants a vet visit. Describe the specific changes you have noticed and when they started. Flovvi's log helps you track the timeline before your appointment.