Bird Eye Discharge and Swollen Eyes — Causes & Treatment

Eye problems in birds are rarely isolated. Discharge or swelling around the eye often reflects a systemic disease such as vitamin A deficiency, Mycoplasma infection, or Psittacosis rather than a simple local infection. Treatment depends on accurate diagnosis.

## Normal Tear Production vs. Discharge

Birds produce small amounts of tears to lubricate the eye. Visible wetness, crusting, or swelling around the eye is always abnormal.

## Common Causes

Vitamin A Deficiency
The most common nutritional cause of eye problems in parrots. Vitamin A deficiency causes squamous metaplasia of mucous membranes, leading to eye discharge, blocked tear ducts, and susceptibility to infection. A seed-only diet is the primary risk factor.

Conjunctivitis (Bacterial or Viral)
Bacterial conjunctivitis produces purulent (yellow-green) discharge. Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes conjunctivitis particularly in finches and is highly contagious between birds.

Chlamydiosis
Psittacosis can present with conjunctivitis as a primary or secondary sign, alongside respiratory symptoms.

Trauma or Foreign Body
Birds that fly into windows or cage bars may sustain corneal trauma. A seed husk or dust particle trapped under the eyelid can cause acute irritation.

## Signs That Indicate an Urgent Problem

- Eye held shut for more than a few minutes
- Visible swelling of the tissue around the eye
- Cloudy or discoloured cornea
- Both eyes affected simultaneously
- Associated respiratory or systemic signs

## What Not to Do: No Human Eye Drops

Never apply human eye drops, contact lens solution, or any over-the-counter preparation to a bird's eye. Many contain preservatives and active ingredients that are toxic to birds.